What type of immune cells are primarily involved at the onset of acute inflammation in gingivitis?

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are the primary immune cells involved at the onset of acute inflammation, particularly in conditions such as gingivitis. These cells are myeloid leukocytes that are often among the first responders to sites of tissue injury or infection. When the gums become inflamed due to bacterial plaque accumulation, PMNs migrate rapidly to the periodontal tissue following chemical signals—this process is known as chemotaxis.

Once they arrive at the site of inflammation, PMNs carry out several key functions. They are highly effective in phagocytosing pathogens such as bacteria that contribute to gingivitis. They also release various enzymes, reactive oxygen species, and cytokines that help to combat the infection and recruit additional immune cells. The rapid influx of these neutrophils is characteristic of acute inflammatory responses and is crucial for controlling the spread of bacteria and initiating tissue repair.

In contrast, other immune cells like lymphocytes and monocytes play a more prominent role in chronic inflammation rather than at the onset of acute inflammation. Eosinophils are typically associated with allergic reactions and parasitic infections, making them less relevant in the context of gingivitis. Hence, the dominant involvement of PMNs at the early stages of acute inflammation is what